My research interests include: (1) Synthetic biology (SimCells, biosensors, bioenergy); (2) Single cell Raman biotechnology (Raman activated cell sorting for single cell genomics); (3) Microbial evolution (Horizontal gene transfer using Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1 as a model organism). I have developed Raman micro-spectroscopy for the study of microbes at the single cell level, and this technology also helps to manipulate and sort non-culturable microbes, and to study cell-cell nanoparticle interactions and gene expression in single cells.